ʻO TPU kahi elastomer thermoplastic polyurethane, he copolymer poloka multiphase i haku ʻia me nā diisocyanates, polyols, a me nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao. Ma ke ʻano he elastomer hana kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa iā TPU kahi ākea o nā kuhikuhi huahana ma hope a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā lako haʻuki, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, e like me nā mea kāmaʻa, nā hose, nā kaula, nā mea lapaʻau, a pēlā aku.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana nui o ka TPU maka e komo pū ana me BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Mea Hou, a pēlā aku. Me ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mana o nā ʻoihana kūloko, ua hoʻokūkū nui ka ʻoihana TPU i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kahua noi kiʻekiʻe, hilinaʻi mau ia i nā mea lawe mai, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi wahi e pono ai ʻo Kina e hoʻokō i nā holomua. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā manaʻolana mākeke e hiki mai ana o nā huahana TPU.
1. ʻO ka E-TPU huʻa Supercritical
I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻomohala pū ʻo Adidas lāua ʻo BASF i ka brand kāmaʻa holo ʻo EnergyBoost, kahi e hoʻohana ai i ka TPU foamed (inoa kālepa infinergy) ma ke ʻano he mea midsole. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyether TPU me ka paʻakikī Shore A o 80-85 ma ke ʻano he substrate, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā midsoles EVA, hiki i nā midsoles TPU foamed ke mālama i ka elasticity maikaʻi a me ka palupalu i nā wahi ma lalo o 0 ℃, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻoluʻolu o ke komo ʻana a ua ʻike nui ʻia ma ka mākeke.
2. Mea hui TPU i hoʻololi ʻia i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka fiber
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ko TPU i ka hopena, akā i kekahi mau noi, pono ka modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea paʻakikī loa. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ke aniani fiber kahi hana maʻamau e hoʻonui ai i ka modulus elastic o nā mea. Ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa nā mea composite thermoplastic me nā pono he nui e like me ke modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe, ka insulation maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa wela ikaika, ka hana hoʻōla elastic maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa hopena, ka coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻo BASF i kahi ʻenehana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka TPU i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka fiberglass modulus kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā olonā pōkole aniani i loko o kāna palapala hoʻopaʻa. Ua hana ʻia kahi TPU me ka paʻakikī Shore D o 83 ma ke kāwili ʻana i ka polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, a me 1,4-butanediol (BDO) me 1,3-propanediol ma ke ʻano he mau mea maka. Ua hoʻohuihui ʻia kēia TPU me ka olonā aniani ma kahi lakio nui o 52:48 e loaʻa ai kahi mea hui me kahi modulus elastic o 18.3 GPa a me ka ikaika tensile o 244 MPa.
Ma waho aʻe o ke olonā aniani, aia kekahi mau hōʻike o nā huahana e hoʻohana ana i ka TPU composite fiber carbon, e like me ka papa composite carbon fiber/TPU Maezio a Covestro, nona ka modulus elastic a hiki i ka 100GPa a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka density ma mua o nā metala.
3. TPU pale ahi ʻole Halogen
Loaʻa i ka TPU ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe, e lilo ia i mea uhi kūpono loa no nā uea a me nā kaula. Akā ma nā kahua noi e like me nā kikowaena hoʻouka, pono ka pale ahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻElua mau ala maʻamau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana pale ahi o TPU. ʻO kekahi ka hoʻololi pale ahi reactive, e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea pale ahi e like me nā polyols a i ʻole isocyanates e loaʻa ana ka phosphorus, nitrogen, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka synthesis o TPU ma o ka hoʻopili kemika; ʻO ka lua ka hoʻololi pale ahi additive, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā TPU ma ke ʻano he substrate a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea pale ahi no ka hui ʻana i ka heheʻe.
Hiki i ka hoʻololi reactive ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka TPU, akā i ka wā e nui ai ka nui o ka mea pale ahi hoʻohui, e emi ana ka ikaika o TPU, e hōʻino ana ka hana hana, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka pae pale ahi i koi ʻia. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe huahana pale ahi kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma ke kālepa e hiki ke hoʻokō maoli i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kikowaena hoʻouku.
Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻo Bayer MaterialScience mua (ʻo Kostron i kēia manawa) i kahi phosphorus organik i loaʻa ka polyol (IHPO) i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka phosphine oxide i loko o kahi palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa. ʻO ka polyether TPU i hana ʻia mai IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, a me BDO e hōʻike ana i ka pale ʻana i ka lapalapa a me nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa. He laumania ke kaʻina hana extrusion, a he laumania ka ʻili o ka huahana.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea pale ahi halogen-free i kēia manawa ke ala loea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā TPU pale ahi halogen-free. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua hui pū ʻia nā mea pale ahi phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, boron a hoʻohana ʻia paha nā hydroxide metala e like me nā mea pale ahi. Ma muli o ka lapalapa kūlohelohe o TPU, pono pinepine ka nui o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka pale ahi ma mua o 30% e hana i kahi papa pale ahi paʻa i ka wā e puhi ai. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e nui ai ka nui o ka mea pale ahi i hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻopuehu like ʻole ʻia ka mea pale ahi i loko o ka substrate TPU, a ʻaʻole kūpono nā waiwai mechanical o ka TPU pale ahi, kahi e kaupalena ai i kāna noi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kahua e like me nā hoses, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me nā kaula.
Ua hoʻolauna ka palapala sila nui a BASF i kahi ʻenehana TPU pale ahi, kahi e hoʻohuihui ai i ka melamine polyphosphate a me kahi phosphorus i loaʻa ka derivative o ka phosphinic acid ma ke ʻano he mau mea pale ahi me TPU me ke kaumaha molekala awelika ʻoi aku ma mua o 150kDa. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hana pale ahi me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.
No ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i ka ikaika tensile o ka mea, ua hoʻolauna ka palapala sila o BASF i kahi ʻano hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka masterbatch agent crosslinking e loaʻa ana nā isocyanates. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i 2% o kēia ʻano masterbatch i kahi hui e hoʻokō ana i nā koi flame retardant UL94V-0 hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika tensile o ka mea mai 35MPa a i 40MPa me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana flame retardant V-0.
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa wela o ka TPU flame-retardant, ka palapala sila oʻOihana Mea Hana Hou ʻo Linghuahoʻolauna pū i kahi ʻano hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydroxides metala i uhi ʻia i ka ʻili e like me nā mea pale ahi. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis o ka TPU pale ahi,ʻOihana Mea Hana Hou ʻo Linghuaua hoʻolauna i ka carbonate metala ma ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka melamine flame retardant i loko o kahi noi patent ʻē aʻe.
4. TPU no ka ʻili pale pena kaʻa
ʻO ka ʻili pale pena kaʻa he ʻili pale e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻili pena mai ka lewa ma hope o ke kau ʻana, pale i ka ua waikawa, ka oxidation, nā ʻōpala, a hāʻawi i ka pale lōʻihi no ka ʻili pena. ʻO kāna hana nui ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili pena kaʻa ma hope o ke kau ʻana. ʻO ka ʻili pale pena ma ke ʻano laulā he ʻekolu papa, me kahi uhi ho'ōla pono'ī ma ka ʻili, kahi ʻili polymer ma waena, a me kahi mea hoʻopili kaomi acrylic ma ka papa lalo. ʻO TPU kekahi o nā mea nui no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻili polymer waena.
ʻO nā koi hana no ka TPU i hoʻohana ʻia i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale pena penei: ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kahakaha, ke aniani kiʻekiʻe (transmittance māmā> 95%), ka maʻalahi o ka mahana haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika tensile> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, a me ka pae paʻakikī Shore A o 87-93; ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka wā, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻelemakule UV, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa oxidative thermal, a me ka hydrolysis.
ʻO nā huahana i oʻo i kēia manawa he aliphatic TPU i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) a me ka polycaprolactone diol ma ke ʻano he mea maka. ʻIke ʻia ka melemele o ka TPU ʻala maʻamau ma hope o hoʻokahi lā o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o UV, ʻoiai ʻo ka aliphatic TPU i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻili wahī kaʻa hiki ke mālama i kona coefficient melemele me ka ʻole o nā loli koʻikoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana like.
ʻOi aku ka kaulike o ka hana a ka Poly (ε – caprolactone) TPU i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka polyether a me ka polyester TPU. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa haehae maikaʻi loa o ka polyester TPU maʻamau, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hōʻike pū ia i ka deformation mau loa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hana rebound kiʻekiʻe o ka polyether TPU, no laila e hoʻohana nui ʻia ana ma ka mākeke.
Ma muli o nā koi like ʻole no ka uku kūpono o ka huahana ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mākeke, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana uhi ʻili a me ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano hoʻopili, aia kekahi manawa kūpono no ka polyether a i ʻole ka polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU maʻamau e hoʻopili ʻia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale pena i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
5. TPU i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka bio
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka TPU bio based ʻo ia ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā monomers a i ʻole nā mea waena bio based i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana polymerization, e like me nā isocyanates bio based (e like me MDI, PDI), nā polyols bio based, a pēlā aku. I waena o lākou, he mea kakaikahi nā isocyanates biobased ma ka mākeke, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā polyols biobased.
Ma ke ʻano o nā isocyanates bio based, i ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻokomo nui ʻo BASF, Covestro, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka noiʻi PDI, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o nā huahana PDI i ka mākeke i ka makahiki 2015-2016. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Wanhua Chemical i nā huahana TPU bio 100% me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PDI bio based i hana ʻia mai ka stover kulina.
Ma ke ʻano o nā polyols i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka bio, ua komo pū me ka bio polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻolauna nā mea hana TPU he nui i nā TPU bio-based, nona ka hana e like me ka TPU petrochemical kuʻuna. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia mau TPU bio-based aia i ka pae o ka ʻike bio-based, ma ke ʻano maʻamau mai 30% a 40%, a ʻo kekahi e hoʻokō ana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka TPU petrochemical kuʻuna, loaʻa i ka TPU bio-based nā pono e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona, ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o nā mea maka, ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, a meLinghua Mea Houua hoʻokuʻu aku i kā lākou mau lama TPU bio, a ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kalapona a me ka hoʻomau ʻana he mau kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o TPU i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-09-2024