Nā kuhikuhi nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka TPU

ʻO ka TPU he polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, he multiphase block copolymer i haku ʻia me nā diisocyanates, polyols, a me nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao. Ma keʻano he elastomer hana kiʻekiʻe, he nui nā kuhikuhi o ka huahana i lalo o ka TPU a hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea haʻuki, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, e like me nā mea kāmaʻa, nā hoses, nā kaula, nā mea lapaʻau, etc.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea hana nui o ka TPU raw material, ʻo BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Mea Hou, a pela aku. Me ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻoihana kūloko, ʻo ka ʻoihana TPU ke hoʻokūkū nui nei. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kahua noi kiʻekiʻe, ke hilinaʻi nei ia i ka lawe ʻana mai, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi wahi e pono ai ʻo Kina e hoʻokō i nā holomua.

1. E-TPU hoʻohāhā nui loa

I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻomohala pū ʻo Adidas a me BASF i ka inoa kāmaʻa holo holo EnergyBoost, e hoʻohana ana i ka TPU huʻihu ( trade name infinergy) ma ke ʻano he mea midsole. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyether TPU me kahi Shore A paʻakikī o 80-85 ma ke ʻano he substrate, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā midsoles EVA, hiki i nā midsoles TPU foamed ke mālama i ka elasticity maikaʻi a me ka palupalu i nā wahi ma lalo o 0 ℃, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻaʻahu ʻoluʻolu a ʻike nui ʻia i loko. ka makeke.
2. ʻO ka fiber i hoʻoikaika ʻia i hoʻololi ʻia ʻo TPU composite material

Loaʻa i ka TPU ke kūpaʻa hopena maikaʻi, akā i kekahi mau noi, koi ʻia nā modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea paʻakikī loa. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka fiber fiber reinforcement ka hana maʻamau e hoʻonui i ka modulus elastic o nā mea. Ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana, nā mea hoʻohui thermoplastic me nā pono he nui e like me ka modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe, ka insulation maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa ikaika o ka wela, ka hana hoʻihoʻi elastic maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa hopena, ka coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui, a hiki ke loaʻa ke kūpaʻa dimensional.

Ua hoʻolauna ʻo BASF i kahi ʻenehana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka TPU i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiberglass modulus kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani pōkole pōkole i kāna patent. He TPU me ka Shore D paakiki o 83 ua synthesized ma ka hui pu ana i ka polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, a me 1,4-butanediol (BDO) me 1,3-propanediol e like me na mea maka. Ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia TPU me ka fiber aniani i ka lakio nui o 52:48 e loaʻa ai kahi mea hoʻohui me ka modulus elastic o 18.3 GPa a me ka ikaika tensile o 244 MPa.

Ma waho aʻe o ka fiber aniani, aia kekahi mau hōʻike o nā huahana e hoʻohana ana i ka TPU fiber composite, e like me ka Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, nona ka modulus elastic a hiki i 100GPa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā metala.
3. Halogen free flame retardant TPU

He kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o ka TPU, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe, e hana ana ia i mea kūpono loa no nā uea a me nā kaula. Akā ma nā kahua noi e like me nā keʻena hoʻoili, koi ʻia ka retardancy ahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻElua mau ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana pale ahi o TPU. ʻO kekahi, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi reactive, e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea pale ahi e like me nā polyols a i ʻole isocyanates i loaʻa ka phosphorus, nitrogen, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka synthesis o TPU ma o ka hoʻopili kemika; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka flame retardant hoʻololi, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka TPU ma ke ʻano he substrate a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea pale ahi no ka hui ʻana.

Hiki i ka hoʻololi hoʻololi ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka TPU, akā inā nui ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui i ka lapalapa ahi, e emi ana ka ikaika o ka TPU, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lapalapa ahi e pono ai. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea kūʻai kūʻai ʻana i kahi huahana pale ahi kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻokō maoli i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kikowaena hoʻoili.

Ua hoʻokomo mua ʻo Bayer MaterialScience (kostron i kēia manawa) i kahi phosphorus organik i loaʻa ka polyol (IHPO) i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka phosphine oxide i loko o kahi patent. ʻO ka polyether TPU i hoʻohui ʻia mai IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, a me BDO e hōʻike ana i ka retardancy lapalapa a me nā waiwai mechanical. He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana extrusion, a maʻalahi ka ʻili o ka huahana.

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi ʻole halogen i kēia manawa ke ala ʻenehana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka TPU pale ahi ʻole halogen. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka phosphorus, nitrogen based, silicon based, boron based flame retardants a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā metala hydroxides e like me nā mea pale ahi. Ma muli o ka flammability inherent o TPU, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o ke ahi ma mua o 30% e koi pinepine ʻia e hana i kahi papa pale ahi paʻa i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka nui o ka nui o ka lapalapa ahi i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻopuehu ʻia ka lapalapa ahi i loko o ka substrate TPU, a ʻaʻole kūpono nā ʻano mechanical o ka TPU retardant ahi, e kaupalena ana i kāna noi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā māla e like me nā hoses, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. , a me nā kaula.

Hoʻokomo ka patent o BASF i kahi ʻenehana TPU pale ahi, kahi e hui pū ai me ka melamine polyphosphate a me ka phosphorus i loaʻa i ka derivative o ka waikawa phosphinic e like me nā mea pale ahi me ka TPU me ke kaumaha awelika molecular kaumaha ma mua o 150kDa. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana pale ahi i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.

No ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i ka ikaika tensile o ka mea, hoʻolauna ka patent a BASF i kahi ala no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka masterbatch agent crosslinking i loko o nā isocyanates. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 2% o kēia ʻano masterbatch i kahi haku mele e kū ana i nā koi o ka lapalapa ahi UL94V-0 hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika tensile o ka mea mai 35MPa a i 40MPa ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hana pale ahi V-0.

No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana o ka wela o ka lapalapa-retardant TPU, ka patent oHui Mea Hou o LinghuaHoʻopuka pū kekahi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydroxides metala i uhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pale ahi. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis o ke ahi-retardant TPU,Hui Mea Hou o Linghuahoʻokomo i ka carbonate metala ma ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka melamine flame retardant i kahi palapala patent ʻē aʻe.

4. TPU no ke kiʻi pale pena kaʻa

ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale kaʻa he kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻili pena mai ka lewa ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, pale i ka ua waikawa, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, nā ʻōpala, a hāʻawi i ka pale mau loa no ka ʻili pena. ʻO kāna hana nui ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili o ka pena kaʻa ma hope o ke kau ʻana. ʻO ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale pena he ʻekolu papa, me kahi uhi hoʻōla ponoʻī ma luna o ka ʻili, kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer i waenakonu, a me kahi mea hoʻopili paʻakikī acrylic ma ka papa lalo. ʻO TPU kekahi o nā mea nui no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer waena.

ʻO nā koi o ka hana no ka TPU i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kiʻi pale pale e like me kēia: ka pale ʻana, ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe (transparency māmā> 95%), ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika tensile> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, a me Shore A ka laulā paʻakikī o 87-93; ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka wā, e komo pū ana me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻelemakule UV, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka thermal oxidative, a me ka hydrolysis.

ʻO nā huahana oʻo i kēia manawa he TPU aliphatic i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) a me ka polycaprolactone diol ma ke ʻano he kumu. Hiki ke huli melemele ka TPU ʻala maʻamau ma hope o hoʻokahi lā o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o UV, ʻoiai ʻo TPU aliphatic i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kiʻi ʻoni kaʻa e hiki ke mālama i kona helu melemele me ka ʻole o nā loli nui ma lalo o nā kūlana like.
ʻO ka Poly (ε - caprolactone) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka TPU ma mua o ka polyether a me ka polyester TPU. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa waimaka maikaʻi loa o ka TPU polyester maʻamau, ʻoiai ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hōʻike pū ia i ka deformation mau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka polyether TPU, no laila e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mākeke.

Ma muli o nā koi like ʻole no ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mākeke, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana uhi uhi a me ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻopili ʻana, aia kekahi manawa no ka polyether a i ʻole polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU e hoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻi pale pale i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

5. TPU hoʻokumu ʻia bio

ʻO ke ala maʻamau no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka TPU e pili ana i ka bio, ʻo ia ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā monomer bio based a i ʻole nā ​​​​intermediates i ka wā o ke kaʻina polymerization, e like me ka isocyanates bio based (e like me MDI, PDI), bio-based polyols, a pēlā aku. mākeke, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā polyols biobased.

Ma ke ano o ka bio-based isocyanates, e like me ka 2000, BASF, Covestro, a me na mea e ae ua hoʻoikaika nui i ka PDI noiʻi, a me ka papa mua o PDI huahana i hookomoia i loko o ka makeke ma 2015-2016. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Wanhua Chemical i ka 100% bio based TPU huahana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bio based PDI i hana ʻia mai ka stover kulina.

Ma nā huaʻōlelo o nā polyols bio based, loaʻa iā ia ka bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, etc.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu nā mea hana TPU he nui i ka TPU e pili ana i ka bio, nona ka hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka TPU kumu petrochemical. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia mau TPU e pili ana i ka bio aia i ka pae o ka ʻike bio based, maʻamau mai ka 30% a i ka 40%, me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pae kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka TPU kuʻuna petrochemical, loaʻa nā TPU bio based e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona, ka hoʻomau hou ʻana o nā mea maka, ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka mālama waiwai. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, a meLinghua Mea Houua hoʻokuʻu i kā lākou mau hōʻailona TPU e pili ana i ka bio, a ʻo ka hōʻemi kalapona a me ka hoʻomau ʻana kekahi mau kuhikuhi nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka TPU i ka wā e hiki mai ana.