ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻiapolyurethaneʻo ia ka pōkole o ka polyurethane, i hana ʻia e ka hopena o nā polyisocyanates a me nā polyols, a loaʻa iā ia nā hui amino ester i hana hou ʻia (- NH-CO-O -) ma ke kaulahao molekala. I loko o nā resins polyurethane i synthesized maoli, me ka hui amino ester, aia kekahi mau hui e like me ka urea a me ka biuret. No nā polyols nā molekala kaulahao lōʻihi me nā hui hydroxyl ma ka hopena, i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā ʻāpana kaulahao palupalu", ʻoiai ʻo nā polyisocyanates i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā ʻāpana kaulahao paʻakikī".
Ma waena o nā resins polyurethane i hana ʻia e nā ʻāpana kaulahao palupalu a paʻakikī, he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō nā esters amino acid, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ke kapa ʻia lākou he polyurethane. Ma ke ʻano ākea, he mea hoʻohui ka polyurethane o ka isocyanate.
Hoʻopili nā ʻano isocyanates like ʻole me nā hui polyhydroxy e hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka polyurethane, no laila e loaʻa ai nā mea polymer me nā waiwai like ʻole, e like me nā plastics, rubber, coatings, fibers, adhesives, etc. Polyurethane rubber
No ka laholio polyurethane kahi ʻano laholio kūikawā, i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka polyether a i ʻole polyester me ka isocyanate. Nui nā ʻano like ʻole ma muli o nā ʻano mea maka like ʻole, nā kūlana hoʻohuihui, a me nā ʻano hana crosslinking. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano kemika, aia nā ʻano polyester a me polyether, a mai kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano hana, aia ʻekolu ʻano: ke ʻano hui ʻana, ke ʻano hoʻolei ʻana, a me ke ʻano thermoplastic.
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka ʻōpala polyurethane synthetic ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka polyester linear a i ʻole polyether me diisocyanate e hana i kahi prepolymer kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hopena hoʻonui kaulahao e hana i kahi polymer kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe. A laila, hoʻohui ʻia nā mea crosslinking kūpono a hoʻomehana ʻia e hoʻōla iā ia, a lilo i ka ʻōpala vulcanized. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana ʻo prepolymerization a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻelua-ʻanuʻu.
Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻohana i kahi ʻano hana hoʻokahi-ʻanuʻu - ke kāwili pololei ʻana i ka polyester linear a i ʻole polyether me nā diisocyanates, nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao, a me nā mea hoʻopili crosslinking e hoʻomaka i kahi hopena a hana i ka laholio polyurethane.
ʻO ka ʻāpana A i loko o nā molekala TPU e maʻalahi ai ke hoʻohuli i nā kaulahao macromolecular, e hāʻawi ana i ka polyurethane rubber me ka elasticity maikaʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ke kiko palupalu a me ke kiko hoʻololi lua o ka polymer, a e hōʻemi ana i kona paʻakikī a me ka ikaika mechanical. E hoʻopaʻa ka ʻāpana B i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā kaulahao macromolecular, e hoʻonui ana i ke kiko palupalu a me ke kiko hoʻololi lua o ka polymer, e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika mechanical, a me ka emi ʻana o ka elasticity. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lakio molar ma waena o A a me B, hiki ke hana ʻia nā TPU me nā waiwai mechanical like ʻole. ʻAʻole pono e noʻonoʻo wale ke ʻano hoʻopili ʻana o TPU i ka hoʻopili mua ʻana, akā, i ka hoʻopili lua ʻana i hana ʻia e nā pilina hydrogen ma waena o nā molekala. He ʻokoʻa ka pilina hoʻopili mua o ka polyurethane mai ka ʻano vulcanization o ka hydroxyl rubber. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona hui amino ester, ka hui biuret, ka hui urea formate a me nā hui hana ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi ʻāpana kaulahao paʻa maʻamau a me ka hakahaka, e hopena ana i kahi ʻano pūnaewele maʻamau o ka rubber, nona ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu a me nā waiwai maikaʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua, ma muli o ke alo o nā hui hana paʻa loa e like me ka urea a i ʻole nā hui carbamate i loko o ka polyurethane rubber, he ikaika kiʻekiʻe nā pilina hydrogen i hoʻokumu ʻia ma waena o nā kaulahao molekala, a ʻo nā pilina crosslinking lua i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pilina hydrogen he hopena koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi i nā waiwai o ka polyurethane rubber. ʻO ka cross-linking lua e hiki ai i ka polyurethane rubber ke loaʻa nā ʻano o nā elastomers thermosetting ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili maoli ʻia kēia cross-linking, e lilo ia i cross-linking virtual. Aia ke kūlana cross-linking i ka mahana. Ke piʻi ka mahana, nāwaliwali mālie kēia cross-linking a nalowale. Loaʻa i ka polymer kahi wai a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka hana thermoplastic. Ke emi ka mahana, hoʻōla mālie kēia cross-linking a hana hou. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi liʻiliʻi o ka mea hoʻopihapiha e hoʻonui i ka mamao ma waena o nā molekala, hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hiki ke hana i nā pilina hydrogen ma waena o nā molekala, a alakaʻi i ka emi nui o ka ikaika. Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi ʻo ke ʻano o ke kūpaʻa o nā hui hana like ʻole i loko o ka polyurethane rubber mai ke kiʻekiʻe a i ka haʻahaʻa: ester, ether, urea, carbamate, a me biuret. I ke kaʻina hana ʻelemakule o ka polyurethane rubber, ʻo ka hana mua ka uhaki ʻana i nā pilina cross-linking ma waena o biuret a me urea, a ukali ʻia e ka uhaki ʻana o nā pilina carbamate a me urea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka uhaki ʻana o ke kaulahao nui.
01 Hoʻomālielie
ʻO nā elastomers polyurethane, e like me nā mea polymer he nui, palupalu i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a hoʻololi mai kahi kūlana elastic i kahi kūlana kahe viscous, e hopena ana i ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka ikaika mechanical. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona kemika, ʻo ka mahana palupalu o ka elasticity e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā mea e like me kona ʻano kemika, ke kaumaha molekala pili, a me ka nui o ka crosslinking.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaumaha molekala pili, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāpana paʻakikī (e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke apo benzene i loko o ka mole) a me ka ʻike o ka ʻāpana paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka crosslinking he mau mea maikaʻi ia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana palupalu. No nā elastomers thermoplastic, ʻo ke ʻano molekala he linear nui, a piʻi pū ka mahana palupalu o ka elastomer ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kaumaha molekala pili.
No nā elastomers polyurethane cross-linked, ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka crosslinking density ma mua o ke kaumaha molekala pili. No laila, i ka wā e hana ai i nā elastomers, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o nā isocyanates a i ʻole polyols ke hana i kahi ʻano kelepaʻi kemika pūnaewele paʻa i kekahi o nā molekala elastic, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lakio isocyanate nui e hana i kahi ʻano kelepaʻi isocyanate paʻa i loko o ke kino elastic he ala ikaika ia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa wela, ke kūpaʻa solvent, a me ka ikaika mechanical o ka elastomer.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PPDI (p-phenyldiisocyanate) ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ma muli o ka pilina pololei o ʻelua mau hui isocyanate i ke apo benzene, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke apo benzene o ka ʻāpana paʻakikī i hana ʻia, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻāpana paʻakikī a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ke kūpaʻa wela o ka elastomer.
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona kino, pili ka mahana palupalu o nā elastomers i ke kekelē o ka hoʻokaʻawale microphase. Wahi a nā hōʻike, haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana palupalu o nā elastomers i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale microphase, me ka mahana hana o 70 ℃ wale nō, ʻoiai hiki i nā elastomers e hoʻokaʻawale microphase ke hiki i 130-150 ℃. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kekelē o ka hoʻokaʻawale microphase i loko o nā elastomers kekahi o nā ala kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ko lākou kūpaʻa wela.
Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kekelē o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā elastomers ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala pili o nā ʻāpana kaulahao a me ka ʻike o nā ʻāpana kaulahao paʻa, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou kūpaʻa wela. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka microphase i loko o ka polyurethane ʻo ia ka incompatibility thermodynamic ma waena o nā ʻāpana palupalu a paʻakikī. ʻO ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao, ka ʻāpana paʻakikī a me kona ʻike, ke ʻano ʻāpana palupalu, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hydrogen he hopena koʻikoʻi ia.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao diol, ʻo nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao diamine e like me MOCA (3,3-dichloro-4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane) a me DCB (3,3-dichloro-biphenylenediamine) e hana i nā hui amino ester polar i loko o nā elastomers, a hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā pilina hydrogen hou aʻe ma waena o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī, e hoʻonui ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale microphase i loko o nā elastomers; He mea maikaʻi nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao aromatic symmetric e like me p, p-dihydroquinone, a me hydroquinone no ka normalization a me ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale microphase o nā huahana.
Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana amino ester i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā aliphatic isocyanates ka launa maikaʻi me nā ʻāpana palupalu, e hopena ana i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana palupalu, e hōʻemi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale microphase. ʻAʻole kūlike nā ʻāpana amino ester i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā aromatic isocyanates me nā ʻāpana palupalu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale microphase. Loaʻa i ka polyolefin polyurethane kahi ʻano hoʻokaʻawale microphase kokoke loa ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hana ka ʻāpana palupalu i nā pilina hydrogen a hiki i nā pilina hydrogen ke hana wale ma ka ʻāpana paʻakikī.
He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka hopena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hydrogen ma ke kiko palupalu o nā elastomers. ʻOiai hiki i nā polyethers a me nā carbonyls i ka ʻāpana palupalu ke hana i kahi nui o nā hoʻopaʻa hydrogen me NH i ka ʻāpana paʻakikī, hoʻonui pū ia i ka mahana palupalu o nā elastomers. Ua hōʻoia ʻia e mālama mau ana nā hoʻopaʻa hydrogen i 40% ma 200 ℃.
02 Ka hoʻohaumia wela
Ke hana nei nā hui Amino ester i ka decomposition ma lalo nei i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe:
- RNHCOOR – RNC0 HO-R
- RNHCOOR – RNH2 CO2 ʻene
- RNHCOOR – RNHR CO2 ʻene
ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe wela o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka polyurethane:
① Ke hana nei i nā isocyanates a me nā polyols kumu;
② α— Ua haki ka pilina oxygen ma ke kumu CH2 a hui pū me hoʻokahi pilina hydrogen ma ka lua o ka CH2 e hana i nā waikawa amino a me nā alkenes. Hoʻopau nā waikawa amino i hoʻokahi amine mua a me ke kalapona dioxide:
③ ʻAno 1 amine lua a me ke kalapona ʻokikene.
Ka hoʻokahe wela o ka ʻano carbamate:
ʻAril NHCO ʻAril,~120 ℃;
N-alkyl-NHCO-aryl,~180 ℃;
ʻAril NHCO n-alkyl,~200 ℃;
N-alkyl-NHCO-n-alkyl,~250 ℃.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela o nā esters amino acid e pili ana i nā ʻano mea hoʻomaka e like me nā isocyanates a me nā polyols. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā isocyanates aliphatic ma mua o nā isocyanates aromatic, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā alcohols momona ma mua o nā alcohols aromatic. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ka palapala ʻo ka mahana decomposition thermal o nā esters amino acid aliphatic ma waena o 160-180 ℃, a ʻo nā esters amino acid aromatic ma waena o 180-200 ℃, kahi mea kūlike ʻole me ka ʻikepili ma luna. Hiki ke pili ke kumu i ke ʻano hoʻāʻo.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa wela o ka aliphatic CHDI (1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate) a me HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate) ma mua o ka aromatic MDI a me TDI i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. ʻOi aku ka trans CHDI me ke ʻano symmetrical i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka isocyanate kūpaʻa wela loa. Loaʻa i nā elastomers polyurethane i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ia mea he hiki ke hana maikaʻi, kūpaʻa hydrolysis maikaʻi loa, mahana palupalu kiʻekiʻe, mahana hoʻololi aniani haʻahaʻa, hysteresis thermal haʻahaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa UV kiʻekiʻe.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hui amino ester, loaʻa i nā elastomers polyurethane nā hui hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka urea formate, biuret, urea, a pēlā aku. Hiki i kēia mau hui ke hana i ka decomposition thermal i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe:
NHCONCOO – (aliphatic urea formate), 85-105 ℃;
- NHCONCOO – (ʻala urea formate), ma kahi pae mahana o 1-120 ℃;
- NHCONCONH – (aliphatic biuret), ma kahi mahana mai 10 ° C a 110 ° C;
NHCONCONH – (biuret ʻala), 115-125 ℃;
NHCONH – (aliphatic urea), 140-180 ℃;
- NHCONH – (ʻala urea), 160-200 ℃;
Apo Isocyanurate>270 ℃.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana hoʻoheheʻe wela o ka formate biuret a me ka urea ma mua o ka aminoformate a me ka urea, ʻoiai ʻo ka isocyanurate ka mea i loaʻa ka paʻa wela maikaʻi loa. I ka hana ʻana o nā elastomers, hiki i nā isocyanates nui ke hana hou me ka aminoformate i hana ʻia a me ka urea e hana i ka formate i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka urea a me nā ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia me ka biuret. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o nā elastomers, he paʻa ʻole loa lākou i ka wela.
No ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hui paʻa ʻole o ka wela e like me ka biuret a me ka urea formate i loko o nā elastomers, pono e noʻonoʻo i kā lākou lakio mea maka a me ke kaʻina hana. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā lakio isocyanate nui loa, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka hiki ke hana mua i nā apo isocyanate hapa i loko o nā mea maka (ʻo ia hoʻi nā isocyanates, polyols, a me nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao), a laila e hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka elastomer e like me nā kaʻina hana maʻamau. Ua lilo kēia i ke ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā elastomers polyurethane kūpaʻa wela a me ka lapalapa.
03 Hydrolysis a me ka hoʻomake wela
He maʻalahi nā elastomers polyurethane i ka decomposition thermal i loko o kā lākou mau ʻāpana paʻakikī a me nā loli kemika e pili ana i kā lākou mau ʻāpana palupalu i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka pale ʻana o nā elastomers polyester i ka wai a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hydrolyze i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ke ola lawelawe o ka polyester/TDI/diamine ke hiki i 4-5 mau mahina ma 50 ℃, ʻelua pule wale nō ma 70 ℃, a he mau lā wale nō ma luna o 100 ℃. Hiki i nā pilina Ester ke decompose i loko o nā waikawa a me nā alcohols e pili ana i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka wai wela a me ka mahu, a hiki i nā hui urea a me amino ester i loko o nā elastomers ke hana i nā hopena hydrolysis:
RCOOR H20- → RCOOH HOR
ʻAila ʻEster
Hoʻokahi RNHCONHR hoʻokahi H20- → RXHCOOH H2NR -
ʻUreamide
Hoʻokahi RNHCOOR-H20- → RNCOOH HOR -
ʻAmino formate ester ʻAmino formate waiʻona
ʻO nā elastomers i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka polyether he haʻahaʻa ka paʻa o ka oxidation thermal, a ʻo nā elastomers e pili ana i ka ether α- Ua maʻalahi ka oxidized ʻana o ka hydrogen ma ka ʻātoma kalapona, e hana ana i ka hydrogen peroxide. Ma hope o ka decomposition hou a me ka cleavage, hana ia i nā radical oxide a me nā radical hydroxyl, ka mea e decompose hope loa i nā formates a i ʻole aldehydes.
ʻAʻole nui ka hopena o nā polyesters like ʻole i ke kūpaʻa wela o nā elastomers, ʻoiai he mana ko nā polyethers like ʻole. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me TDI-MOCA-PTMEG, ʻo ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka ikaika tensile o TDI-MOCA-PTMEG he 44% a me 60% i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ma 121 ℃ no 7 mau lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hope ma mua o ka mea mua. ʻO ke kumu paha he mau kaulahao lālā nā molekala PPG, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau o nā molekala elastic a hoʻemi i ke kūpaʻa wela o ke kino elastic. ʻO ke ʻano kūpaʻa wela o nā polyethers: PTMEG>PEG>PPG.
ʻO nā hui hana ʻē aʻe i loko o nā elastomers polyurethane, e like me ka urea a me ka carbamate, e hana pū ana i nā hopena oxidation a me hydrolysis. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hui ether ka mea maʻalahi loa ke oxidized, ʻoiai ʻo ka hui ester ka mea maʻalahi loa ke hydrolyzed. ʻO ke kauoha o ko lākou pale ʻana i ka antioxidant a me ka hydrolysis:
Hana antioxidant: esters>urea>carbamate>ether;
Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hydrolysis: ester
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa oxidation o ka polyether polyurethane a me ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis o ka polyester polyurethane, ua hoʻohui pū ʻia nā mea hoʻohui, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 1% phenolic antioxidant Irganox1010 i ka PTMEG polyether elastomer. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika tensile o kēia elastomer e 3-5 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻole o nā antioxidants (nā hopena hoʻāʻo ma hope o ka ʻelemakule ʻana ma 1500C no 168 mau hola). Akā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā antioxidants āpau ka hopena i nā elastomers polyurethane, ʻo ka phenolic 1rganox 1010 wale nō a me TopanOl051 (phenolic antioxidant, hindered amine light stabilizer, benzotriazole complex) he mau hopena koʻikoʻi, a ʻo ka mea mua ka mea maikaʻi loa, malia paha no ka mea he kūpono maikaʻi nā antioxidants phenolic me nā elastomers. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o nā hui phenolic hydroxyl i ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa o nā antioxidants phenolic, i mea e pale aku ai i ka hopena a me ka "hāʻule ʻole" o kēia hui phenolic hydroxyl me nā hui isocyanate i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, ʻaʻole pono e nui loa ka lakio o nā isocyanates i nā polyols, a pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā antioxidants i nā prepolymers a me nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao. Inā hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o nā prepolymers, e hoʻopilikia nui ia i ka hopena hoʻopaʻa.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i ka hydrolysis o nā elastomers polyurethane polyester he mau hui carbodiimide nui ia, e hana me nā waikawa carboxylic i hana ʻia e ka hydrolysis ester i loko o nā molekole elastomer polyurethane e hana i nā derivatives acyl urea, e pale ana i ka hydrolysis hou aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka carbodiimide ma kahi hapa nui o 2% a 5% hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa wai o ka polyurethane ma 2-4 mau manawa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka tert butyl catechol, hexamethylenetetramine, azodicarbonamide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he mau hopena anti hydrolysis kekahi.
04 Nā ʻano hana nui
ʻO nā elastomers polyurethane he mau copolymers poloka multi maʻamau, me nā kaulahao molekala i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana palupalu me ka mahana hoʻololi aniani haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana o ka lumi a me nā ʻāpana paʻa me ka mahana hoʻololi aniani ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mahana o ka lumi. I waena o lākou, hana nā polyols oligomeric i nā ʻāpana palupalu, ʻoiai ʻo nā diisocyanates a me nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao mole liʻiliʻi e hana i nā ʻāpana paʻa. ʻO ke ʻano i hoʻokomo ʻia o nā ʻāpana kaulahao palupalu a paʻa e hoʻoholo ai i kā lākou hana kūikawā:
(1) ʻO ka pae paʻakikī o ka laholio maʻamau ma waena o Shaoer A20-A90, ʻoiai ʻo ka pae paʻakikī o ka plastic ma kahi o Shaoer A95 Shaoer D100. Hiki i nā elastomers polyurethane ke piʻi i ka haʻahaʻa e like me Shaoer A10 a me ke kiʻekiʻe e like me Shaoer D85, me ka ʻole o ke kōkua hoʻopihapiha;
(2) Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka elasticity i loko o kahi ākea o ka paʻakikī;
(3) Kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ke komo ʻana, 2-10 mau manawa o ka laholio maoli;
(4) Kū'ē maika'i loa i ka wai, ka 'aila, a me nā kemika;
(5) Ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka hopena, ke kūpaʻa i ka luhi, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka haʻalulu, kūpono no nā noi kūlou alapine kiʻekiʻe;
(6) Kū'ē maika'i i ka mahana ha'aha'a, me ka brittleness ha'aha'a ma lalo o -30 ℃ a i'ole -70 ℃;
(7) Loaʻa iā ia ka hana insulation maikaʻi loa, a ma muli o kona conductivity thermal haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena insulation i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka rubber a me ka plastic;
(8) Nā waiwai biocompatibility maikaʻi a me nā waiwai anticoagulant;
(9) Maikaʻi loa ka pale ʻana i ka uila, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala, a me ke kūpaʻa o ka UV.
Hiki ke hana ʻia nā elastomers polyurethane me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina hana like me ka rubber maʻamau, e like me ka plasticization, ka hui ʻana, a me ka vulcanization. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano o ka rubber wai ma ka ninini ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe centrifugal, a i ʻole ka pīpī ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia lākou i mau mea granular a hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka injection, extrusion, rolling, blow molding, a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka pono o ka hana, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū ia i ka pololei o ka dimensional a me ke ʻano o ka huahana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-05-2023