Nā Waiwai a me nā Waiwai o TPU Film

Ka hana nui oKiʻiʻoniʻoni Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU).Aia i loko o kona mau waiwai waiʻole a me ka wai-permeable - hiki iā ia ke ālai i ka wai wai mai ke komo ʻana i ka wā e ʻae ana i nā molekele mahu (ka hou, ka hou) e hele i loko.

1. Nā hōʻailona hana a me nā kūlana

1. Paʻa wai (Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance):
   • Hōʻike: Ana i ka hiki o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ke pale aku i ke kaomi wai o waho, i ana ʻia ma nā kilopascal (kPa) a i ʻole millimeters o ke kolamu wai (mmH₂O). Hōʻike ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe i ka hana wai ʻoi aku ka ikaika. No ka laʻana, koi ʻia nā lole waho maʻamau i ≥13 kPa, aʻo nā lako hana ʻoihana e koi i ≥50 kPa.
   • Hōʻike Kūlana: Hoʻāʻo maʻamau me ka ISO 811 a i ʻole ASTM D751 (Burst Strength Method). Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ke kaomi wai ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o nā kulu wai ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka waiwai kaomi ma ia wahi.
2. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe (ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka mahu):
   • Hōʻike: Ana i ka nui o ka mahu wai e hele ana ma kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kēlā me kēia manawa, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā grams no ka mika square no 24 mau hola (g/m²/24h). ʻO ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka hanu maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka hou. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai ma mua o 5000 g/m²/24h i manaʻo ʻia he hanu nui.
   • Hōʻike Kūlana: Aia ʻelua mau ala nui:
     • ʻO ke ʻano kīʻaha kū pololei (Desiccant Method): laʻa, ASTM E96 BW. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi desiccant i loko o ke kīʻaha, hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ana ʻia ka nui o ka mahu wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana wela a me ka haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka hopena i nā kūlana ʻaʻahu maoli.
     • ʻO ke ʻano o ke kīʻaha Inverted (Water Method): laʻa, ISO 15496. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai i loko o ke kīʻaha, i hoʻohuli ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ua ana ʻia ka nui o ka mahu wai e kahe ana ma o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia ʻano hana a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka mālama maikaʻi.

2. Kumu Hana

Ka wai a me ka moisture-permeable waiwai oTPU kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻAʻole i loaʻa ma o nā pores kino akā hilinaʻi i ka hana pae molecular o kāna mau ʻāpana kaulahao hydrophilic:

• ʻAʻole wai: ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ponoʻī he ʻeleʻele a pore-noa; ʻAʻole hiki ke hele i ka wai wai ma muli o kona ʻili ʻili a me ke ʻano mole o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
• Māmā: ʻO ka polymer nā pūʻulu hydrophilic (e laʻa, -NHCOO-). ʻO kēia mau pūʻulu "hopu" i nā molekulehu wai e mahuka ana mai ka ʻili i loko. A laila, ma o ka "neʻe ʻāpana" o nā kaulahao polymer, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā molekala wai i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu "hoʻouna ʻia" mai loko a i waho.

3. Nā ʻano hoʻāʻo

1. Hydrostatic Pressure Tester: Hoʻohana ʻia e ana pono i ke kaomi palena wai o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ka lole.
2. Moisture Permeability Cup: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke keʻena wela a me ka haʻahaʻa e ana i ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka mahu (MVTR) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kīʻaha kū pololei a hoʻohuli paha.

4. Nā noi

Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia mau waiwai,TPU kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻo ia ka koho i makemake ʻia no nā noi kiʻekiʻe he nui:

• Nā ʻaʻahu o waho: ʻO nā mea nui i loko o nā pālule hardshell, ʻaʻahu ski, a me nā pants hele wāwae, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka maloʻo a me ka hōʻoluʻolu no ka poʻe hoihoi i waho i ka makani a me ka ua.
• Palekana Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻaʻahu ʻokiʻoki a me nā lole pale e pale ai i ke koko a me ka wai o ke kino (wai ʻole) ʻoiai e ʻae ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia e nā limahana lapaʻau e pakele, e hōʻemi ana i ke kaumaha wela.
• ʻO ke ahi ahi a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua kaua: Hāʻawi i ka pale i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, e koi ana i ke kū'ē i ke ahi, ka wai, a me nā kemika, i hui pū ʻia me ka hanu kiʻekiʻe e mālama i ka neʻe a me ka hana.
• Nā mea lole wāwae: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he sock liners (booties) no ka mālama ʻana i nā wāwae i maloʻo i ka wā ua me ka pale ʻana i ka wela o loko a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka makū.

Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ma o kona ʻano kino kino a me ke kemika, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni TPU i nā pono like ʻole o ka "waterproof" a me ka "breathable," e lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i loko o ke kahua o nā textiles kiʻekiʻe.