He aha ka elastomer polyurethane thermoplastic?

He aha ka elastomer polyurethane thermoplastic?

ʻO ka polyurethane elastomer kahi ʻano o nā mea synthetic polyurethane (ʻo nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka polyurethane foam, polyurethane adhesive, polyurethane coating a me ka polyurethane fiber), a ʻo ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka polyurethane elastomer, kapa pinepine ka poʻe iā ia ʻo TPU (ʻo nā ʻano ʻelua nui o nā polyurethane elastomers he polyurethane elastomers i hoʻolei ʻia, i hoʻopōkole ʻia e like me CPU, a me nā polyurethane elastomers i hui pū ʻia, i hoʻopōkole ʻia e like me MPU).

ʻO TPU kahi ʻano elastomer polyurethane hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka mea hoʻoheheʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CPU a me MPU, ʻaʻohe a ʻaʻohe keʻa kemika o TPU i loko o kona ʻano kemika. He linear kona kaulahao molekala, akā aia kekahi nui o ke keʻa ke kino. ʻO kēia ka elastomer polyurethane Thermoplastic i ʻano nui i ke ʻano.

ʻAno a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o TPU

ʻO ka elastomer polyurethane thermoplastic kahi polymer linear poloka (AB). Hōʻike ʻo A i kahi polymer polyol (ester a polyether paha, ke kaumaha molekala o 1000 ~ 6000) me ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia he kaulahao lōʻihi; Hōʻike ʻo B i kahi diol e loaʻa ana he 2-12 mau ʻātoma kalapona kaulahao pololei, i kapa ʻia he kaulahao pōkole.

I loko o ke ʻano o ka elastomer polyurethane Thermoplastic, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻāpana A he ʻāpana palupalu, nona nā ʻano o ka maʻalahi a me ka palupalu, e hana ana i ka TPU i hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia; ʻO ke kaulahao urethane i hana ʻia e ka hopena ma waena o ka ʻāpana B a me ka isocyanate ua kapa ʻia he ʻāpana paʻakikī, nona nā waiwai paʻa a paʻakikī. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lakio o nā ʻāpana A a me B, hana ʻia nā huahana TPU me nā waiwai kino a me nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana palupalu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano polyester, ke ʻano polyether, a me ke ʻano butadiene, nona ka hui ester, ka hui ether, a i ʻole ka hui butene. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano urethane a me ke ʻano urethane urea, i loaʻa mai nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao ethylene glycol a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao diamine. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau i ke ʻano polyester a me ke ʻano polyether.

He aha nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana o TPU?

(1) Polymer Diol

ʻO ka macromolecular diol me ke kaumaha molekala mai 500 a 4000 a me nā hui bifunctional, me ka nui o 50% a 80% i loko o ka TPU elastomer, ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o TPU.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka polymer Diol kūpono no ka TPU elastomer i ka polyester a me ka polyether: ʻo ka polyester e komo pū ana me ka polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; ʻO nā Polyethers e komo pū ana me ka polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), a pēlā aku.

(2) Diisocyanate

He liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha molekala akā he mea kupaianaha ka hana, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻopili i ka ʻāpana palupalu a me ka ʻāpana paʻakikī, akā hāʻawi pū i ka TPU me nā ʻano kino a me nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole. ʻO nā diisocyanates e pili ana i ka TPU: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), etc.

(3) Mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao

ʻO ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao me ke kaumaha molekala o 100 ~ 350, no ka Diol molekala liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha molekala liʻiliʻi, ke ʻano kaulahao hāmama a ʻaʻohe hui substituent e kūpono ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha scalar kiʻekiʻe o TPU. ʻO nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao kūpono no TPU e komo pū me 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), etc.

Hoʻololi Hoʻohana ʻana o TPU ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika

I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai huahana a loaʻa ka hana hou aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā elastomers thermoplastic polyurethane e like me nā mea hoʻoikaika maʻamau e hoʻoikaika i nā ʻano mea thermoplastic a me nā mea rubber i hoʻololi ʻia.

Ma muli o kona polarity kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka polyurethane ke kūlike me nā resins polar a i ʻole nā ​​​​rubbers, e like me ka chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā huahana lapaʻau; ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me ABS hiki ke pani i nā thermoplastics ʻenekinia no ka hoʻohana ʻana; Ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka polycarbonate (PC), loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻaila, ke kūpaʻa wahie, a me ke kūpaʻa hopena, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kino kaʻa; Ke hui pū ʻia me ka polyester, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona paʻakikī; Eia kekahi, hiki ke kūlike me PVC, Polyoxymethylene a i ʻole PVDC; Hiki i ka Polyester polyurethane ke kūlike me 15% Nitrile rubber a i ʻole 40% nitrile rubber/PVC blend; Hiki i ka Polyether polyurethane ke kūlike me 40% nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Hiki nō hoʻi ke kūlike me nā acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻano pūnaewele interpenetrating (IPN) me nā polysiloxanes reactive. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā adhesives i hui ʻia i luna ua hana mua ʻia.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nui ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o POM e TPU ma Kina. ʻO ka hui ʻana o TPU a me POM ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical o TPU, akā hoʻopaʻa nui hoʻi iā POM. Ua hōʻike kekahi poʻe noiʻi i nā hoʻokolohua haki tensile, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka matrix POM, ua hoʻololi ka hui POM me TPU mai ka haki brittle i ka haki ductile. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o TPU e hāʻawi pū iā POM me ka hana hoʻomanaʻo ʻano. ʻO ka ʻāpana crystalline o POM e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he pae paʻa o ka hui hoʻomanaʻo ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāpana amorphous o amorphous TPU a me POM e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻohuli. Ke 165 ℃ ka mahana pane hoʻōla a he 120 kekona ka manawa hoʻōla, hiki i ka helu hoʻōla o ka hui ma luna o 95%, a ʻo ka hopena hoʻōla ka mea maikaʻi loa.

He paʻakikī ke kūlike me nā mea polymer non-polar e like me ka polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber a i ʻole ka pauka ʻōpala rubber, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā composites me ka hana maikaʻi. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano hana mālama ʻili e like me ka plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, flame a i ʻole reactive gas no ka mea hope. No ka laʻana, ua hana ka American Air Products and Chemicals Company i ka mālama ʻili kinoea F2/O2 ma ka pauka polyethylene fine weight ultra-high me ke kaumaha molekala o 3-5 miliona, a hoʻohui ʻia i ka polyurethane elastomer ma ka lakio o 10%, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i kona Flexural modulus, ka ikaika tensile a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu. A hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka mālama ʻili kinoea F2/O2 i nā fibers pōkole elongated kuhikuhi me ka lōʻihi o 6-35mm, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī a me ka haehae o ka mea composite.

He aha nā wahi hoʻohana o TPU?

I ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Goodrich Chemical Company (i kapa hou ʻia ʻo Lubrizol) i ka hōʻailona TPU ʻo Estane no ka manawa mua. I loko o nā makahiki he 40 i hala iho nei, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau inoa hōʻailona a puni ka honua, a he nui nā huahana o kēlā me kēia hōʻailona. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana nui o nā mea maka TPU ma ka honua: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, a pēlā aku.

Ma ke ʻano he elastomer maikaʻi loa, loaʻa iā TPU kahi ākea o nā huahana ma hope, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā waiwai haʻuki, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Aia ma lalo kekahi mau laʻana.

① Nā mea hana kāmaʻa

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka TPU no nā mea kāmaʻa ma muli o kona elasticity maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu. ʻOi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o nā huahana kāmaʻa e loaʻa ana ka TPU ma mua o nā huahana kāmaʻa maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā huahana kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai kekahi mau kāmaʻa haʻuki a me nā kāmaʻa maʻamau.

② Nā paipu wai

Ma muli o kona palupalu, ka ikaika tensile maikaʻi, ka ikaika hopena, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hose TPU ma Kina e like me nā hose kinoea a me ka ʻaila no nā lako mīkini e like me nā mokulele, nā kaʻa kaua, nā kaʻa, nā mokokaikala, a me nā mea hana mīkini.

③ Uea

Hāʻawi ʻo TPU i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka haehae, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, a me nā ʻano kūlou, me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa ke kī i ka hana o ke kaula. No laila, ma ka mākeke Kina, hoʻohana nā kaula holomua e like me nā kaula hoʻomalu a me nā kaula mana i nā TPU e pale i nā mea uhi o nā hoʻolālā kaula paʻakikī, a ke laha nui nei kā lākou noi.

④ Nā mea lapaʻau

He mea pani PVC palekana, paʻa a kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o TPU, ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa iā Phthalate a me nā mea kemika ʻino ʻē aʻe, a e neʻe i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai ʻē aʻe i loko o ke catheter lapaʻau a i ʻole ka ʻeke lapaʻau e hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ka TPU extrusion grade a me ka injection grade i hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia me ka hoʻoponopono iki ʻana i nā lako PVC i loaʻa.

⑤ Nā kaʻa a me nā ʻano halihali ʻē aʻe

Ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana a me ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka lole nylon me ka elastomer thermoplastic polyurethane, hiki ke hana ʻia nā waʻa hoʻouka kaua inflatable a me nā waʻa kiʻi e lawe ana i 3-15 mau kānaka, me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā waʻa inflatable rubber vulcanized; Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka elastomer thermoplastic polyurethane i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka fiber aniani e hana i nā ʻāpana kino e like me nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kaʻa ponoʻī, nā ʻili puka, nā bumpers, nā ʻāpana anti friction, a me nā grilles.