He aha ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

He aha ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

ʻO ka polyurethane elastomer he ʻano like ʻole o ka polyurethane synthetic material (nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka polyurethane foam, polyurethane adhesive, polyurethane coating a polyurethane fiber), a ʻo Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka polyurethane elastomer. ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻelua o nā elastomers polyurethane i hoʻolei ʻia i ka polyurethane elastomers, i hoʻopau ʻia e like me CPU, a me nā elastomers polyurethane hui ʻia, i hoʻopau ʻia e like me MPU).

ʻO TPU kahi ʻano o ka polyurethane elastomer hiki ke palaki ʻia e ka hoʻomehana a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka solvent. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CPU a me MPU, he liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohui kemika ʻo TPU i kāna ʻano kemika. ʻO kāna kaulahao molekala he laina laina, akā aia kekahi nui o ka hoʻopili kino kino. ʻO kēia ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer i ʻike nui ʻia i ka hana.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer he (AB) poloka linear polymer. Hōʻike ʻo A i kahi polymer polyol (ester a i ʻole polyether, ke kaumaha molekala o 1000~6000) me ke kaumaha mole kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia ke kaulahao lōʻihi; Hōʻike ʻo B i kahi diol i loaʻa nā ʻātoma kalapona kaulahao pololei 2-12, i kapa ʻia he kaulahao pōkole.

I ke ʻano o ka Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, kapa ʻia ka māhele A i ka ʻāpana palupalu, nona nā ʻano o ka maʻalahi a me ka palupalu, e hoʻonui ai i ka TPU; ʻO ke kaulahao urethane i hana ʻia e ka hopena ma waena o ka ʻāpana B a me ka isocyanate i kapa ʻia he ʻāpana paʻakikī, nona nā waiwai paʻakikī a paʻakikī. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lakio o nā ʻāpana A a me B, hana ʻia nā huahana TPU me nā ʻano kino like ʻole a me nā ʻano mechanical.

Wahi a ka ʻāpana palupalu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano polyester, polyether type, a me ka butadiene type, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pūʻulu ester, hui ether, a i ʻole pūʻulu butene. Wahi a ka ʻāpana ʻāpana paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano urethane a me ke ʻano urethane urea, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea mai ka ethylene glycol chain extenders a i ʻole diamine chain extenders. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike maʻamau i ke ʻano polyester a me ke ʻano polyether.

He aha nā mea maka no ka TPU synthesis?

(1) Polymer Diol

Macromolecular diol me ka molecular kaumaha mai 500 a 4000 a bifunctional pūʻulu, me ka maʻiʻo o 50% a 80% i loko o TPU elastomer, pāʻani i ka decisive kuleana i loko o ka physical a me kemika waiwai o TPU.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka polymer Diol kūpono no ka TPU elastomer i ka polyester a me ka polyether: polyester nā polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; ʻO nā polyethers ka polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), etc.

(2) Diisocyanate

He liʻiliʻi ke kaumaha o ka molekala akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻokani i ke kuleana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻāpana palupalu a me ka ʻāpana paʻakikī, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka TPU me nā ʻano mea kino maikaʻi a me nā mīkini. ʻO nā diisocyanates e pili ana i ka TPU: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate ( PXDI), etc.

(3) Hoʻonui kaulahao

ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao me ka paona molekala o 100 ~ 350, nona ka Diol mole liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke kaulahao hāmama a ʻaʻohe pūʻulu substituent e kūpono i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha scalar kiʻekiʻe o TPU. ʻO nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao kūpono no ka TPU he 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), etc.

Hoʻololi i ka noi o TPU ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika paʻakikī

I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai huahana a loaʻa i nā hana hou aku, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā elastomers thermoplastic polyurethane e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī maʻamau e hoʻoikaika i nā ʻano mea ʻenehana thermoplastic a hoʻololi ʻia.

Ma muli o kona polarity kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka polyurethane ke kūpono me nā resins polar a i ʻole rubbers, e like me ka chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā huahana olakino; Hiki i ka hui ʻana me ABS ke pani i nā thermoplastics ʻenehana no ka hoʻohana ʻana; Ke hoʻohanaʻia me ka polycarbonate (PC), loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai e like me ke kū'ēʻana i kaʻaila, kaʻaila, a me ka hopena o ka hopena, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā kino kaʻa; Ke hui pū ʻia me ka polyester, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona paʻakikī; Eia hou, hiki ke kūpono maikaʻi me PVC, Polyoxymethylene a i ʻole PVDC; Hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka polyester polyurethane me 15% Nitrile rubber a i ʻole 40% nitrile rubber/PVC blend; Hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka polyether polyurethane me 40% nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Hiki ke hui like me nā copolymers acrylonitrile styrene (SAN); Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokumu i nā hale interpenetrating network (IPN) me nā polysiloxanes reactive. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua hana mua ʻia.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o POM e TPU ma Kina. ʻO ka hui ʻana o TPU a me POM ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical o TPU, akā hoʻoikaika nui hoʻi i ka POM. Ua hōʻike kekahi poʻe noiʻi ma nā hoʻāʻo haʻihaʻi tensile, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka matrix POM, ua hoʻololi ka POM alloy me TPU mai ka haʻihaʻi haʻihaʻi i ka haʻi ductile. Hāʻawi ka hoʻohui o TPU i ka POM me ka hana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana crystalline o POM ma ke ʻano paʻa o ka ʻāpana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo, aʻo ka ʻāpana amorphous o TPU amorphous a me POM e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he reversible. Ke 165 ℃ ka mahana o ka ho'ōla hou ʻana a ʻo ka manawa hoʻihoʻi he 120 kekona, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka alloy ma luna o 95%, a ʻo ka hopena hoʻihoʻi ka mea maikaʻi loa.

He paʻakikī ka TPU me nā mea polymer non-polar e like me ka polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene propylene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber a i ʻole ka pauka ʻōpala, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā composites me ka hana maikaʻi. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano hana lapaʻau e like me ka plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, flame or reactive gas no ka hope. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻokō ka American Air Products and Chemical Company i ka F2/O2 hoʻoikaika kino kinoea lapaʻau ma luna o ultra-high molecular kaumaha polyethylene pauda maikaʻi me ka molecular kaumaha o 3-5 miliona, a hoʻohui ia i ka polyurethane elastomer ma ka lakio o 10. %. A hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka F2/O2 hoʻomaʻamaʻa kinoea ikaika i nā fibers pōkole elongated me ka lōʻihi o 6-35mm, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka haehae ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻohui.

He aha nā wahi noi o TPU?

I ka makahiki 1958, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Goodrich Chemical Company (i kapa hou ʻia ʻo Lubrizol) i ka inoa TPU Estane no ka manawa mua. I loko o nā makahiki he 40 i hala iho nei, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau inoa inoa a puni ka honua, a ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia brand nā ʻano huahana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana nui o ka TPU raw material ma ka honua: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, etc.

Ma keʻano he elastomer maikaʻi loa, he nui nā huahana o lalo o ka TPU, i hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea haʻuki, nā mea pāʻani, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā māla'ē aʻe. Aia ma lalo iho kekahi mau laʻana.

① Nā mea kāmaʻa

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo TPU no nā mea kāmaʻa ma muli o kona elasticity maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana. ʻOi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o nā kāmaʻa kāmaʻa i loaʻa i ka TPU ma mua o nā huahana kāmaʻa maʻamau, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā huahana kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāmaʻa haʻuki a me nā kāmaʻa maʻamau.

② Nā paipu

Ma muli o kona palupalu, ikaika tensile maikaʻi, ikaika hopena, a me ke kū'ē i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hose TPU ma Kina e like me nā hose kinoea a me ka aila no nā mea hana mechanical e like me nā mokulele, nā pahu, nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa kaʻa, a me nā mea hana mīkini.

③ Uea

Hāʻawi ʻo TPU i ke kūpaʻa waimaka, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kulou, me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kī i ka hana uea. No laila, ma ka mākeke Kina, hoʻohana nā kelepona holomua e like me nā kaula mana a me nā kaula mana i nā TPU no ka pale ʻana i nā mea uhi o nā hoʻolālā uea paʻakikī, a ke ulu nui nei kā lākou noi.

④ Nā mea lapaʻau

ʻO ka TPU he mea palekana, kūpaʻa a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka PVC mea pani, ʻaʻole e loaʻa i ka Phthalate a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, a e neʻe i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​wai ʻē aʻe i loko o ka catheter lapaʻau a i ʻole ʻeke lapaʻau e hopena i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ka papa extrusion i hoʻomohala kūikawā a me ka injection grade TPU me kahi debugging liʻiliʻi i nā lako PVC i loaʻa.

⑤ Nā kaʻa a me nā ʻano kaʻa ʻē aʻe

Ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka lole nylon me ka polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, hiki ke hana ʻia nā lāʻau hoʻouka kaua inflatable a me nā raft reconnaissance e lawe ana i 3-15 poʻe, me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā vulcanized rubber inflatable rafts; Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka fiber aniani e hana i nā ʻāpana kino e like me nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kaʻa ponoʻī, nā ʻili puka, nā bumper, nā ʻāpana anti friction, a me nā grilles.