Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe no ke aha e ikaika ai ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D a pani i nā ʻenehana hana kuʻuna kahiko?
Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e papa inoa i nā kumu e hana nei kēia hoʻololi, e hoʻomaka maoli ka papa inoa me ka hoʻopilikino ʻana. Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe i ka hoʻopilikino ʻana. ʻAʻole lākou makemake nui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana.
A ma muli o kēia hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o kānaka a me ka hiki o ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D ke hoʻokō i ka pono o kānaka no ka hoʻopilikino ʻana, ma o ka hoʻopilikino ʻana, hiki iā ia ke pani i nā ʻenehana hana ʻana e pili ana i ka maʻamau.
ʻO ka maʻalahi kahi mea huna ma hope o ka ʻimi ʻana o ka poʻe i ka hoʻopilikino ʻana. A ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia nā mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi i loaʻa i ka mākeke e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻāpana a me nā prototypes hana hou aʻe he kumu ia o ka hauʻoli maoli i kekahi poʻe hoʻohana.
ʻO ke ʻano paʻi 3D a me nā lima prosthetic i paʻi 3D he mau laʻana o nā noi kahi e pono ai ke mahalo ʻia ka maʻalahi o ka paʻi 3D.
ʻO ka paʻi 3D Rubber kahi ʻāpana i noiʻi ʻia a ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o mākou ʻenehana paʻi 3D rubber, a hiki i ka wā e paʻi piha ʻia ai ka rubber, pono mākou e hoʻokele me nā koho ʻē aʻe.
A e like me ka noiʻi ʻana, ʻo nā koho ʻē aʻe kokoke loa i ka laholio i hāʻule i loko ua kapa ʻia ʻo Thermoplastic Elastomers. ʻEhā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea maʻalahi a mākou e nānā pono ai ma kēia ʻatikala.
ʻO kēia mau mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi i kapa ʻia ʻo TPU, TPC, TPA, a me Soft PLA. E hoʻomaka mākou ma ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i kahi pōkole e pili ana i nā mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi ma ke ʻano laulā.
He aha ka Filament maʻalahi loa?
ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā filaments palupalu no kāu papahana paʻi 3D e hiki mai ana e wehe i kahi honua o nā hiki like ʻole no kāu mau paʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke paʻi wale i nā ʻano mea like ʻole me kāu filament flex, akā inā he mīkini paʻi pālua a multi-head paha kāu me ka extruder, hiki iā ʻoe ke paʻi i nā mea kupaianaha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea.
Hiki ke paʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana a me nā prototypes hana e like me nā flip flops i hana kūikawā ʻia, nā poʻo pōkā kaumaha, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻēmi haʻalulu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāu mīkini paʻi.
Inā ua paʻa kou manaʻo e hoʻolilo i ka Flexi filament i ʻāpana o ka paʻi ʻana i kāu mau mea, e kūleʻa nō ʻoe i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i kou mau noʻonoʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Me ka nui o nā koho i loaʻa i kēia lā ma kēia kahua, he mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka manawa i hala mua ma ke kahua o ka paʻi 3D me ka nele o kēia mea paʻi.
No nā mea hoʻohana, ʻo ka paʻi ʻana me nā filaments palupalu, i kēlā manawa, he mea ʻeha ia i ko lākou ʻūhā. ʻO ke ʻeha ma muli o nā kumu he nui i hoʻopuni ʻia a puni ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maʻamau he palupalu loa kēia mau mea.
ʻO ka palupalu o ka mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi i hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea pilikia ke paʻi ʻia me kekahi mīkini paʻi, akā, pono ʻoe i kahi mea hilinaʻi loa.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea paʻi i kēlā manawa ua kū i ka pilikia o ke kaomi ʻana i ka hopena kaula, no laila i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e paʻi ai i kahi mea i kēlā manawa me ka ʻole o ka paʻakikī ma o kahi nozzle, e kūlou, milo, a hakakā me ia.
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i kamaʻāina i ka ninini ʻana i ke kaula mai loko mai o kahi nila no ka humuhumu ʻana i kekahi ʻano lole, hiki iā lākou ke pili i kēia hanana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pilikia o ka hopena paʻi, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā filaments palupalu e like me TPE he hana paʻakikī loa ia, ʻoiai me nā hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi.
Inā noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka hoʻomanawanui haʻahaʻa a hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana, aia nā manawa kūpono e pono ai ke hana ʻia ke kaula uila āu i hana ai e hana i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi ʻole, jamming, a me ke kaʻina hana extrusion.
Akā ua loli nā mea, i kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau ʻano filaments palupalu, ʻo kekahi o lākou me nā waiwai elastic a me nā pae palupalu like ʻole. ʻO ka PLA palupalu, TPU, a me TPE kekahi o nā laʻana.
Paʻakikī Kahakai
He kumu maʻamau kēia āu e ʻike ai me nā mea hana filament e ʻōlelo pū ana me ka inoa o kā lākou mea paʻi 3D.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ka paʻakikī kahakai ʻo ia ke ana o ke kūpaʻa o kēlā me kēia mea i ke komo ʻana.
Ua hana ʻia kēia unahi i ka wā ma mua i ka wā i loaʻa ʻole ai i ka poʻe ka ʻōlelo i ka wā e kamaʻilio ana e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o kekahi mea.
No laila, ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka paʻakikī o Shore, pono i ka poʻe ke hoʻohana i ko lākou ʻike i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe no ka wehewehe ʻana i ka paʻakikī o kekahi mea a lākou i hoʻokolohua ai, ma mua o ka haʻi ʻana i kahi helu.
Lilo kēia unahi i mea nui i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe e koho ai no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o kahi prototype hana.
No ka laʻana, ke makemake ʻoe e koho ma waena o ʻelua mau laholio no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻōmole o ka ballerina kū plaster, e haʻi aku ka paʻakikī o Shore iā ʻoe e loaʻa kahi laholio o ka paʻakikī pōkole 70 A ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pono ma mua o ka laholio me ka paʻakikī kahakai o 30 A.
ʻO ka maʻamau, i ka wā e hana ana me nā filaments, e ʻike ʻoe ʻo ka paʻakikī o ke kahakai i ʻōlelo ʻia o kahi mea maʻalahi e kū nei ma waena o 100A a 75A.
Ma ke ʻano he mea maopopo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi i loaʻa ka paʻakikī kahakai o 100A ma mua o 75A.
He aha e noʻonoʻo ai i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi filament palupalu?
Nui nā kumu e noʻonoʻo ai i ke kūʻai ʻana i kekahi filament, ʻaʻole wale nā mea maʻalahi.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka mai kahi kikowaena i mea nui loa iā ʻoe, kahi mea e like me ke ʻano o ka mea e hopena ai i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o kahi prototype hana.
A laila pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi i loko o ke kaulahao hoʻolako. ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea āu e hoʻohana ai i hoʻokahi manawa no ka paʻi 3D, pono e loaʻa mau, inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻohana wale ʻoe i kekahi mea paʻi 3D i kaupalena ʻia.
Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻano kala like ʻole. No ka mea, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi i ke kala āu e makemake ai e kūʻai.
Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau mea āpau, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka lawelawe mea kūʻai aku a ka hui a me ke kumukūʻai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hui ʻē aʻe ma ka mākeke.
I kēia manawa, e papa inoa mākou i kekahi o nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke koho no ka paʻi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana maʻalahi a i ʻole kahi prototype hana.
Papa Inoa o nā Mea Paʻi 3D Hiki ke Hoʻololi
Loaʻa i nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo nei kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau e like me ko lākou palupalu a palupalu hoʻi. Loaʻa i nā mea ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka luhi a me nā waiwai uila maikaʻi.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka damping haʻalulu kupaianaha a me ka ikaika hopena. Hōʻike kēia mau mea i ke kūpaʻa i nā kemika a me ke aniau, loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka haehae a me ka abrasion.
Hiki ke hana hou ʻia lākou a pau a he hiki ke hoʻopulu haʻalulu maikaʻi.
Nā koi mua o ka mīkini paʻi no ka paʻi ʻana me nā mea paʻi 3D Flexible
Aia kekahi mau manaʻo maʻamau e hoʻokomo i kāu mīkini paʻi ma mua o ka paʻi ʻana me kēia mau mea.
Pono ka pae mahana o ka extruder o kāu mīkini paʻi ma waena o 210 a me 260 degere Celsius, ʻoiai ʻo ka pae mahana o ka moena mai ka mahana ambient a i 110 degere Celsius ma muli o ka mahana hoʻololi aniani o ka mea āu e makemake ai e paʻi.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka paʻi i manaʻo ʻia i ka wā e paʻi ana me nā mea maʻalahi hiki ke like me ka haʻahaʻa o ʻelima millimeters i kekona a i kanakolu millimeters i kekona.
Pono ka ʻōnaehana extruder o kāu mīkini paʻi 3D i kahi hoʻokele pololei a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoe e loaʻa kahi peʻahi hoʻoluʻu no ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā prototypes hana āu e hana ai.
Nā pilikia i ka wā e paʻi ana me kēia mau mea
ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau mea e pono ai ʻoe e mālama ma mua o ka paʻi ʻana me kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā pilikia i kū i mua o nā mea hoʻohana.
-Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia nā elastomers thermoplastic e nā extruders o ka mīkini paʻi.
-Hoʻopulu lākou i ka makū, no laila e manaʻo e piʻi aʻe ka nui o kāu paʻi inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia ke kaula.
-He ʻike koʻikoʻi nā elastomers thermoplastic i nā neʻe wikiwiki no laila hiki ke pelu ʻia ke hoʻokuke ʻia ma o ka extruder.
TPU
ʻO TPU ke kū nei no ka polyurethane thermoplastic. He mea kaulana loa ia ma ka mākeke no laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā filaments palupalu, nui nā manawa kūpono e ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mea āu e ʻike ai i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā filaments ʻē aʻe.
He kaulana ia ma ka mākeke no ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi paʻakikī nui a me ka ʻae ʻia e extrude maʻalahi ma mua o nā filaments ʻē aʻe.
He ikaika kūpono kēia mea a he lōʻihi hoʻi. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pae elastic kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano o 600 a 700 pakeneka.
ʻO ke ʻano paʻakikī o kēia mea mai 60 A a 55 D. Loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke paʻi maikaʻi loa, he hapalua moakaka.
ʻO kona kūpaʻa kemika i ka momona ma ke ʻano a me nā aila e ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā mīkini paʻi 3D. He kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa o kēia mea i ka ʻānai ʻana.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻoe e mālama i ka mahana o kāu mīkini paʻi ma waena o 210 a 230 degere Celsius a me ka moena ma waena o ka mahana i hoʻomehana ʻole ʻia a 60 degere Celsius i ka wā e paʻi ana me TPU.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka paʻi ʻana, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ma waena o ʻelima a me kanakolu millimeters i kekona, ʻoiai no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka moena ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi Kapton a i ʻole ka lipine mea pena.
Pono ka mea hoʻopuka e hoʻokele pololei a ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka peʻahi hoʻoluʻu no nā papa mua o kēia mīkini paʻi.
TPC
Kū lākou no ka thermoplastic copolyester. Ma ke ʻano kemika, he mau esters polyether lākou i loaʻa kahi kaʻina lōʻihi random alternating o nā glycols kaulahao lōʻihi a pōkole paha.
ʻO nā ʻāpana paʻakikī o kēia ʻāpana he mau ʻāpana ester kaulahao pōkole, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāpana palupalu he mau polyethers aliphatic a me nā polyester glycols.
No ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mea paʻi 3D maʻalahi he mea papa ʻenekinia, ʻaʻole ia he mea āu e ʻike pinepine ai e like me TPU.
He haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka TPC me kahi pae elastic o 300 a 350 pakeneka. Aia kona paʻakikī kahakai mai 40 a 72 D.
Hōʻike ʻo TPC i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i nā kemika a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa mahana.
ʻOiai e paʻi ana me TPC, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e mālama i kou mahana ma ka laulā o 220 a 260 degere Celsius, ka mahana o ka moena ma ka laulā o 90 a 110 degere Celsius, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka paʻi e like me TPU.
TPA
ʻO ka copolymer kemika o TPE a me Nylon i kapa ʻia ʻo Thermoplastic Polyamide he hui pū ʻana o ke ʻano laumania a me ka lustrous e hele mai ana mai Nylon a me ka maʻalahi o ia mea he waiwai nui o TPE.
He kiʻekiʻe kona maʻalahi a me ka elasticity ma ka pae o 370 a me 497 pakeneka, me ka paʻakikī o ke kahakai ma ka pae o 75 a me 63 A.
He paʻa loa ia a hōʻike i ka hiki ke paʻi ʻia ma ka pae like me TPC. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka papa.
Pono ka mahana o ka mea hoʻopuka o ka mīkini paʻi i ka wā e paʻi ana i kēia mea ma ka pae o 220 a 230 degere Celsius, ʻoiai ʻo ka mahana o ka moena ma ka pae o 30 a 60 degere Celsius.
Hiki ke like ka wikiwiki o ka paʻi ʻana o kāu mīkini paʻi me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka wā e paʻi ana iā TPU a me TPC.
Pono ke hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka moena o ka mīkini paʻi ma ka PVA a hiki i ka ʻōnaehana extruder ke hoʻokele pololei e like me Bowden.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-10-2023